Moo Li-valve li Sebelisoang Teng: Hohle!

08 Pulungoana 2017 E ngotsoe ke Greg Johnson

Li-valve li ka fumanoa hoo e ka bang kae kapa kae kajeno: malapeng a rona, tlas'a seterata, mehahong ea khoebo le libakeng tse likete ka har'a lifeme tsa motlakase le metsi, lifeme tsa pampiri, lifeme tsa ho hloekisa, lifeme tsa lik'hemik'hale le lits'ebeletso tse ling tsa indasteri le tsa meralo ea motheo.
Indasteri ea li-valve e hlile e na le mahetla a pharaletseng, ka likarolo tse fapaneng ho tloha kabong ea metsi ho ea ho matla a nyutlelie ho ea holimo le tlaase ho oli le khase. Indasteri e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea basebelisi bana e sebelisa mefuta e meng ea motheo ea li-valve; leha ho le joalo, lintlha tsa kaho le thepa hangata li fapane haholo. Mona ke mohlala:

Mesebetsi ea Metsi
Lefatšeng la kabo ea metsi, likhatello li batla li le tlase haholo 'me mocheso o teng. Lintlha tseo tse peli tsa ts'ebeliso li lumella likarolo tse 'maloa tsa moralo oa li-valve tse ke keng tsa fumanoa lisebelisoa tse thata joalo ka li-valve tsa mouoane tse nang le mocheso o phahameng. Mocheso o teng oa tšebeletso ea metsi o lumella tšebeliso ea li-elastomer le litiiso tsa rabara tse sa lokelang libakeng tse ling. Lisebelisoa tsena tse bonolo li lumella li-valve tsa metsi ho hlomelloa ho koala marotholi ka thata.

Ntho e 'ngoe e lokelang ho nahanoa ka li-valve tsa tšebeletso ea metsi ke khetho ea thepa ea kaho. Litšepe tsa cast le ductile li sebelisoa haholo lits'ebetsong tsa metsi, haholo-holo mela e meholo ea bophara ba kantle. Mela e menyenyane haholo e ka sebetsoa hantle ka thepa ea li-valve tsa boronse.

Likhatello tseo li-valve tse ngata tsa metsi li li bonang hangata li ka tlase ho 200 psi. Sena se bolela hore meralo ea khatello e phahameng e nang le mabota a teteaneng ha e hlokahale. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le maemo ao li-valve tsa metsi li hahetsoeng ho sebetsana le likhatello tse phahameng, ho fihlela ho 300 psi. Litšebeliso tsena hangata li etsoa metsing a malelele a haufi le mohloli oa khatello. Ka linako tse ling li-valve tsa metsi tse nang le khatello e phahameng le tsona li fumanoa libakeng tse nang le khatello e phahameng ka ho fetisisa letamong le lelelele.

Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Mesebetsi ea Metsi (AWWA) o fane ka litlhaloso tse akaretsang mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea li-valve le li-actuator tse sebelisoang lits'ebetsong tsa mesebetsi ea metsi.

METSI A LITŠILA
Karolo e fapaneng ea metsi a hloekileng a nooang a kenang setsing kapa mohahong ke metsi a litšila kapa a tsoang likhoerekhoere. Methapo ena e bokella mokelikeli oohle oa litšila le lintho tse tiileng ebe e li isa setsing sa kalafo ea likhoerekhoere. Litsi tsena tsa kalafo li na le liphaephe tse ngata tse nang le khatello e tlase le li-valve ho etsa "mosebetsi oa tsona o litšila." Litlhoko tsa li-valve tsa metsi a litšila maemong a mangata li bonolo haholo ho feta litlhoko tsa tšebeletso ea metsi a hloekileng. Li-valve tsa heke ea tšepe le cheke ke likhetho tse tsebahalang haholo bakeng sa mofuta ona oa tšebeletso. Li-valve tse tloaelehileng tšebeletsong ena li hahiloe ho latela litlhaloso tsa AWWA.

INDASITE EA MOTLAKASE
Bongata ba motlakase o hlahisoang United States o hlahisoa lifemeng tsa mouoane ho sebelisoa mafura a mesaletsa ea lintho tsa khale le liturbine tse lebelo le phahameng. Ho petsola sekoahelo sa femeng ea motlakase ea sejoale-joale ho tla fana ka pono ea litsamaiso tsa liphaephe tse nang le khatello e phahameng le mocheso o phahameng. Methapo ena e meholo ke ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso ea motlakase oa mouoane.

Li-valve tsa heke e ntse e le khetho e ka sehloohong bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa ho bula le ho tima seteishene sa motlakase, leha ho na le li-valve tsa globe tsa Y tse nang le sepheo se ikhethang. Li-valve tsa bolo tse sebetsang hantle, tse nang le ts'ebeletso ea bohlokoa li ntse li tuma ho baqapi ba bang ba lifeme tsa motlakase 'me li ntse li kenella lefatšeng lena le kileng la busoa ke li-valve tse otlolohileng.

Tšepe e bohlokoa bakeng sa li-valve lits'ebetsong tsa motlakase, haholo-holo tse sebetsang maemong a ts'ebetso a bohlokoa haholo kapa a bohlokoa haholo a khatello le mocheso. F91, F92, C12A, hammoho le li-alloy tse 'maloa tsa Inconel le tšepe e sa hloekang li sebelisoa hangata lifemeng tsa motlakase tsa kajeno. Lihlopha tsa khatello li kenyelletsa 1500, 2500 le maemong a mang 4500. Tlhaho ea ho fetola matla a lifemeng tsa motlakase tse phahameng (tse sebetsang feela ha ho hlokahala) le eona e beha khatello e kholo li-valve le liphaephe, e hlokang meralo e matla ho sebetsana le motsoako o feteletseng oa ho potoloha, mocheso le khatello.
Ntle le ho kenya di-valve tse kgolo tsa mouoane, di-power plant di na le diphaephe tse thusang, tse nang le di-valve tse ngata tsa heke, globe, cheke, serurubele le bolo.

Difeme tsa matla a nyutlelie di sebetsa ka molao-motheo o tshwanang wa mouoane/turbine e lebelo le phahameng. Phapang ya mantlha ke hore setsing sa matla a nyutlelie, mouoane o bakwa ke mocheso o tswang tshebetsong ya ho kgaohana. Di-valve tsa setsi sa matla a nyutlelie di tshwana le di-motswala tsa tsona tse fuellwang ke mesaletsa ya kgale, ntle le leloko la tsona le tlhoko e eketsehileng ya ho tshepahala ka botlalo. Di-valve tsa nyutlelie di etswa ka maemo a hodimo haholo, ka ditokomane tse tshwanelehang le tsa tlhahlobo di tlatsa maqephe a makgolo.

TLHAHISO EA OLI LE KHASE
Liliba tsa oli le khase le libaka tsa tlhahiso ke basebelisi ba bangata ba li-valve, ho kenyeletsoa le li-valve tse ngata tse boima. Le hoja ho ka etsahala hore li-phororo tsa oli tse tšollang metsi tse makholo moeeng li se li sa hlahe, setšoantšo se bontša khatello e ka bang teng ea oli le khase e ka tlas'a lefatše. Ke ka lebaka leo lihlooho tsa liliba kapa lifate tsa Keresemese li behiloeng holimo ho thapo e telele ea phaephe ea seliba. Likopano tsena, ka motsoako oa tsona oa li-valve le lisebelisoa tse khethehileng, li etselitsoe ho sebetsana le khatello e fetang 10,000 psi. Le hoja li sa fumanehe hangata lilibeng tse chekiloeng mobung matsatsing ana, khatello e phahameng haholo hangata e fumanoa lilibeng tse tebileng tsa leoatleng.

Moralo oa lisebelisoa tsa Wellhead o koahetsoe ke litlhaloso tsa API tse kang 6A, Tlhaloso ea Lisebelisoa tsa Wellhead le Sefate sa Keresemese. Li-valve tse koahetsoeng ka 6A li etselitsoe khatello e phahameng haholo empa li le mochesong o itekanetseng. Lifate tse ngata tsa Keresemese li na le li-valve tsa heke le li-valve tse khethehileng tsa globe tse bitsoang li-choke. Li-choke li sebelisoa ho laola phallo e tsoang selibeng.

Ntle le li-wellhead ka botsona, libaka tse ngata tse thusang li tlatsa tšimo ea oli kapa khase. Lisebelisoa tsa ho sebetsana le oli kapa khase li hloka li-valve tse 'maloa. Li-valve tsena hangata li fuoa tšepe ea carbon bakeng sa lihlopha tse tlaase.

Ka linako tse ling, mokelikeli o senyang haholo—hydrogen sulfide—o teng molapong o tala oa peterole. Thepa ena, eo hape e bitsoang khase e bolila, e ka ba kotsi. Ho hlola liphephetso tsa khase e bolila, thepa e khethehileng kapa mekhoa ea ho sebetsana le thepa ho latela litlhaloso tsa NACE International MR0175 e tlameha ho lateloa.

INDASERI EA LEBOEA LA NTLE
Mekhoa ea liphaephe bakeng sa lirigi tsa oli tse lebōpong la leoatle le libaka tsa tlhahiso li na le li-valve tse ngata tse hahiloeng ho latela litlhaloso tse fapaneng ho sebetsana le mefuta e mengata ea liphephetso tsa taolo ea phallo. Libaka tsena li boetse li na le li-loops tse fapaneng tsa tsamaiso ea taolo le lisebelisoa tsa ho imolla khatello.

Bakeng sa lits'ebeletso tsa tlhahiso ea oli, pelo ea methapo ke sistimi ea liphaephe tsa ho khutlisa oli kapa khase. Le hoja e se kamehla sethaleng ka boeona, litsamaiso tse ngata tsa tlhahiso li sebelisa lifate tsa Keresemese le litsamaiso tsa liphaephe tse sebetsang botebong bo sa amoheleheng ba limithara tse 10,000 kapa ho feta. Lisebelisoa tsena tsa tlhahiso li hahiloe ho latela maemo a mangata a tobileng a American Petroleum Institute (API) 'me li hlalosoa ho Mekhoa e 'maloa e Khothaletsoang ea API (RPs).

Libakeng tse ngata tse kholo tsa oli, lits'ebetso tse ling li sebelisoa mokelikeling o tala o tsoang hloohong ea seliba. Tsena li kenyelletsa ho arola metsi ho tsoa ho li-hydrocarbon le ho arola likhase le metsi a khase ea tlhaho ho tsoa molapong oa metsi. Mekhoa ena ea liphaephe tsa sefate sa Keresemese hangata e hahiloe ho latela likhoutu tsa liphaephe tsa American Society of Mechanical Engineers B31.3 ka li-valve tse entsoeng ho latela litlhaloso tsa li-valve tsa API tse kang API 594, API 600, API 602, API 608 le API 609.

Tse ling tsa litsamaiso tsena li ka boela tsa ba le li-valve tsa heke ea API 6D, bolo le cheke. Kaha liphaephe life kapa life sethaleng kapa sekepeng sa ho phunya li ka hare ho setsi, litlhoko tse thata tsa ho sebelisa li-valve tsa API 6D bakeng sa liphaephe ha li sebetse. Leha ho sebelisoa mefuta e mengata ea li-valve litsamaisong tsena tsa liphaephe, mofuta oa li-valve o khethiloeng ke valve ea bolo.

LIPHAEPHE
Leha boholo ba liphaephe li patehile hore li se ke tsa bonoa, boteng ba tsona hangata boa bonahala. Matšoao a manyane a reng "phaephe ea peterole" ke sesupo se le seng se totobetseng sa boteng ba liphaephe tsa lipalangoang tsa ka tlas'a lefatše. Liphaephe tsena li na le li-valve tse ngata tsa bohlokoa bolelele bohle ba tsona. Li-valve tsa ho koala liphaephe tsa tšohanyetso li fumanoa ka linako tse itseng joalokaha ho boletsoe ke maemo, melao le melao. Li-valve tsena li sebeletsa tšebeletso ea bohlokoa ea ho arola karolo ea phaephe haeba ho ka lutla kapa ha ho hlokahala tlhokomelo.

Hape ho hasantswe tseleng ya phaephe ho na le dibaka moo mola o tswang fatshe mme phihlello ya mola e fumaneha. Ditsha tsena ke lehae la disebediswa tsa ho qala "dikolobe", tse nang le disebediswa tse kentsweng diphaepheng ho hlahloba kapa ho hlwekisa mola. Ditsha tsena tsa ho qala dikolobe hangata di na le di-valve tse mmalwa, ebang ke tsa heke kapa tsa bolo. Di-valve tsohle tse tsamaisong ya phaephe di lokela ho ba le kou e felletseng (e butsweng ka botlalo) ho dumella hore dikolobe di fete.

Liphaephe li boetse li hloka matla ho loantša khohlano ea phaephe le ho boloka khatello le phallo ea mohala. Ho sebelisoa li-compressor kapa liteishene tsa ho pompa tse shebahalang joaloka mefuta e menyenyane ea fektheri ea ts'ebetso ntle le litora tse telele tsa ho petsoha. Liteishene tsena ke lehae la li-valve tse ngata tsa heke, bolo le cheke ea phaephe.
Liphaephe ka botsona li entsoe ho latela maemo le melao e fapaneng, ha li-valve tsa liphaephe li latela Li-valve tsa Liphaephe tsa API 6D.
Hape ho na le liphaephe tse nyane tse kenang matlong le mehahong ea khoebo. Mehala ena e fana ka metsi le khase 'me e sirelelitsoe ke li-valve tse koetsoeng.
Metse e meholo, haholo-holo karolong e ka leboea ea United States, e fana ka mouoane bakeng sa litlhoko tsa ho futhumatsa tsa bareki ba khoebo. Mehala ena ea phepelo ea mouoane e na le li-valve tse fapaneng ho laola le ho laola phepelo ea mouoane. Le hoja mokelikeli e le mouoane, likhatello le mocheso li tlase ho feta tse fumanoang tlhahisong ea mouoane ea fektheri ea motlakase. Mefuta e fapaneng ea li-valve e sebelisoa tšebeletsong ena, leha valve e hlomphehang ea polaka e ntse e le khetho e tsebahalang.

TLHATS'OASO LE PETROKHEMIKALE
Li-valve tsa ho hloekisa li ikarabella bakeng sa tšebeliso e ngata ea li-valve tsa indasteri ho feta karolo efe kapa efe ea li-valve. Li-valve tsa ho hloekisa li na le maro a senyang 'me maemong a mang, mocheso o phahameng.
Lintlha tsena li laola hore na li-valve li hahuoa joang ho latela litlhaloso tsa moralo oa li-valve tsa API tse kang API 600 (li-valve tsa heke), API 608 (li-valve tsa bolo) le API 594 (hlahloba li-valve). Ka lebaka la tšebeletso e boima eo li-valve tsena tse ngata li kopanang le eona, hangata ho hlokahala tumello e eketsehileng ea ho bola. Tumello ena e bonahala ka botenya bo boholo ba lebota bo boletsoeng litokomaneng tsa moralo oa API.

Hoo e ka bang mofuta o mong le o mong o moholo oa li-valve o ka fumanoa ka bongata femeng e tloaelehileng e kholo ea ho hloekisa. Valve ea heke e fumanehang hohle e ntse e le morena oa leralla le nang le baahi ba bangata ka ho fetisisa, empa li-valve tsa kotara li ntse li nka karolo e kholo ea karolo ea tsona ea 'maraka. Lihlahisoa tsa kotara tse kenang ka katleho indastering ena (eo hape e neng e laoloa ke lihlahisoa tse otlolohileng) li kenyelletsa li-valve tsa lirurubele tse tharo tse sebetsang hantle le li-valve tsa bolo tse lutseng ka tšepe.

Heke e tloaelehileng, globe le li-valve tsa ho hlahloba li ntse li fumanoa li le ngata, 'me ka lebaka la bokhabane ba moralo oa tsona le moruo oa tlhahiso, li ke ke tsa nyamela haufinyane.
Litekanyetso tsa khatello bakeng sa li-valve tsa ho hloekisa li tsamaisana le mefuta e fapaneng ho tloha ho Sehlopha sa 150 ho isa ho Sehlopha sa 1500, 'me Sehlopha sa 300 ke sona se tsebahalang haholo.
Litšepe tse se nang khabone, tse kang WCB ea sehlopha (cast) le A-105 (e entsoeng ka tšepe) ke thepa e tsebahalang haholo e boletsoeng le e sebelisoang li-valve bakeng sa tšebeletso ea ho hloekisa. Litšebeliso tse ngata tsa ts'ebetso ea ho hloekisa li sutumelletsa meeli e phahameng ea mocheso oa litšepe tse se nang khabone, 'me li-alloy tsa mocheso o phahameng li khethiloe bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsena. Tse tsebahalang haholo ho tsena ke litšepe tsa chrome/moly tse kang 1-1/4% Cr, 2-1/4% Cr, 5% Cr le 9% Cr. Litšepe tse sa ruseng le li-alloy tsa nickel tse phahameng le tsona li sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tse ling tse thata haholo tsa ho hloekisa.

K'HEMIK ...
Indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale ke mosebelisi e moholo oa li-valve tsa mefuta eohle le thepa. Ho tloha lifemeng tse nyane ho ea ho lik'hemik'hale tse kholo tsa petrochemical tse fumanehang Koung ea Leoatle, li-valve ke karolo e kholo ea litsamaiso tsa liphaephe tsa ts'ebetso ea lik'hemik'hale.

Bongata ba ditshebediso tsa dikhemikhale di na le kgatello e tlase ho feta ditshebediso tse ngata tsa ho hlwekisa le tlhahiso ya motlakase. Dihlopha tsa kgatello tse tsebahalang haholo bakeng sa di-valve tsa dimela tsa dikhemikhale le diphaephe ke Dihlopha tsa 150 le 300. Dimela tsa dikhemikhale le tsona e bile tsona tse kgannang ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa ho nka karolo ya mmaraka eo di-valve tsa dimela di e lwantshitseng ho tloha ho di-valve tse otlolohileng dilemong tse 40 tse fetileng. Valve ya bolo e dutseng e tiile, e nang le ho thiba ha yona ho se dutle, e loketse ditshebediso tse ngata tsa dimela tsa dikhemikhale. Boholo bo bonyenyane ba valve ya bolo le yona ke karolo e tsebahalang.
Ho ntse ho na le dimela tse ding tsa dikhemikhale le mekgwa ya dimela moo di-valve tse otlolohileng di kgethwang. Maemong ana, di-valve tse tsebahalang tse entsweng ka API 603, tse nang le mabota a masesaane le boima bo bobebe, hangata ke valve ya heke kapa ya globe e kgethwang. Taolo ya dikhemikhale tse ding e boetse e phethwa ka katleho ka di-valve tsa diaphragm kapa pinch.
Ka lebaka la tlhaho ea lik'hemik'hale tse ngata le mekhoa ea ho etsa lik'hemik'hale, khetho ea thepa ke ea bohlokoa. Thepa e se nang sekoli ke ea sehlopha sa 316/316L sa tšepe e sa hloekang ea austenitic. Thepa ena e sebetsa hantle ho loantša ts'enyeho e tsoang ho bongata ba maro a mangata a mpe ka linako tse ling.

Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse ling tse thata tsa ho senya, ho hlokahala tšireletso e eketsehileng. Mefuta e meng e sebetsang hantle ea tšepe e sa hloekang ea austenitic, joalo ka 317, 347 le 321 hangata e khethoa maemong ana. Mefuta e meng e kopantsoeng e sebelisoang nako le nako ho laola maro a lik'hemik'hale e kenyelletsa Monel, Alloy 20, Inconel le 17-4 PH.

KAROHANO EA LNG LE KHASE
Khase ea tlhaho e metsi (LNG) le lits'ebetso tse hlokahalang bakeng sa karohano ea khase li itšetlehile ka liphaephe tse pharaletseng. Ts'ebeliso ena e hloka li-valve tse ka sebetsang mochesong o tlase haholo oa cryogenic. Indasteri ea LNG, e ntseng e hola ka potlako United States, e ntse e batla ho ntlafatsa le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ho qhibiliha ha khase. Ho fihlela sena, liphaephe le li-valve li se li le kholoanyane 'me litlhoko tsa khatello li ekelitsoe.

Boemo bona bo bakile hore bahlahisi ba di-valve ba ntshe meralo ho fihlela diparamente tse thata. Di-valve tsa bolo ya kotara le tsa serurubele di tumme bakeng sa tshebeletso ya LNG, mme 316ss [tshepe e sa tjheseng] ke thepa e tsebahalang haholo. ANSI Class 600 ke siling e tlwaelehileng ya kgatello bakeng sa ditshebediso tse ngata tsa LNG. Le hoja dihlahiswa tsa kotara e le mefuta e tsebahalang haholo ya di-valve, di-valve tsa heke, globe le check le tsona di ka fumanwa dimeleng.

Tšebeletso ea karohano ea khase e kenyelletsa ho arola khase ka likarolo tsa eona tsa motheo. Mohlala, mekhoa ea karohano ea moea e hlahisa naetrojene, oksijene, helium le likhase tse ling tse sa reng letho. Sebopeho sa mocheso o tlase haholo sa ts'ebetso se bolela hore ho hlokahala li-valve tse ngata tsa cryogenic.

Litsi tsa LNG le tsa karohano ea khase ka bobeli li na le li-valve tsa mocheso o tlase tse lokelang ho lula li sebetsa maemong ana a cryogenic. Sena se bolela hore sistimi ea ho paka li-valve e tlameha ho phahamisoa hole le mokelikeli oa mocheso o tlase ka ho sebelisa kholomo ea khase kapa e kolobisang. Kholomo ena ea khase e thibela mokelikeli ho etsa bolo ea leqhoa ho potoloha sebaka sa ho paka, e leng se tla thibela kutu ea valve ho reteleha kapa ho nyoloha.

Meaho ea Khoebo
Mehaho ea khoebo e re potolohile empa ntle le haeba re ela hloko ha e ntse e hahuoa, ha re na leseli le lekaneng mabapi le bongata ba methapo ea metsi e patiloeng ka har'a mabota a eona a majoe, khalase le tšepe.

Karolo e tšoanang hoo e ka bang mohahong o mong le o mong ke metsi. Meaho ena kaofela e na le mefuta e fapaneng ea litsamaiso tsa liphaephe tse jereng metsoako e mengata ea haedrojene/oksijene ka mokhoa oa maro a nooang, metsi a litšila, metsi a chesang, metsi a bohlooho le tšireletso ea mollo.

Ho ya ka pono ya ho pholoha ha moaho, ditsamaiso tsa mollo di bohlokwa haholo. Tshireletso ya mollo mehahong e batla e fepuwa hohle mme e tlatswa ka metsi a hlwekileng. Hore ditsamaiso tsa metsi a mollo di sebetse hantle, di lokela ho tshepahala, di be le kgatello e lekaneng mme di be sebakeng se loketseng ho pholletsa le moaho. Ditsamaiso tsena di etseditswe ho kenya matla ka boiketsetso tabeng ya mollo.
Mehaho e melelele e hloka tšebeletso e tšoanang ea khatello ea metsi mekatong e ka holimo le mekatong e ka tlase kahoo lipompo tsa khatello e phahameng le liphaephe li tlameha ho sebelisoa ho phahamisa metsi. Mekhoa ea liphaephe hangata ke Sehlopha sa 300 kapa 600, ho latela bolelele ba moaho. Mefuta eohle ea li-valve e sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tsena; leha ho le joalo, meralo ea li-valve e tlameha ho amoheloa ke Underwriters Laboratories kapa Factory Mutual bakeng sa tšebeletso ea mantlha ea mollo.

Mefuta le mefuta e tšoanang ea li-valve tse sebelisoang bakeng sa li-valve tsa tšebeletso ea mollo li sebelisoa bakeng sa kabo ea metsi a nooang, leha ts'ebetso ea tumello e se thata hakaalo.
Litsamaiso tsa moea o pholileng tsa khoebo tse fumanoang mehahong e meholo ea khoebo joalo ka mehaho ea liofisi, lihotele le lipetlele hangata li bohareng. Li na le yuniti e kholo ea ho futhumatsa kapa boiler ho pholisa kapa ho futhumatsa mokelikeli o sebelisetsoang ho fetisetsa serame kapa mocheso o phahameng. Hangata litsamaiso tsena li tlameha ho sebetsana le lihatsetsi tse kang R-134a, hydro-fluorocarbon, kapa tabeng ea litsamaiso tse kholo tsa ho futhumatsa, mouoane. Ka lebaka la boholo bo kopaneng ba li-valve tsa serurubele le bolo, mefuta ena e se e tumme litsamaisong tsa ho futhumatsa tsa HVAC.

Ka lehlakoreng la mouoane, li-valve tse ling tsa kotara ea ho reteleha li se li ntse li sebelisoa, leha ho le joalo baenjiniere ba bangata ba liphaephe ba ntse ba itšetleha ka li-valve tsa heke e otlolohileng le tsa globe, haholo-holo haeba liphaephe li hloka lipheletso tsa ho tjheseletsa. Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsena tse itekanetseng tsa mouoane, tšepe e nkile sebaka sa tšepe e entsoeng ka tšepe ka lebaka la ho tjheseletsa ha tšepe.

Mekhoa e meng ea ho futhumatsa e sebelisa metsi a chesang ho e-na le mouoane e le mokelikeli oa phetisetso. Mekhoa ena e sebeletsoa hantle ke li-valve tsa boronse kapa tsa tšepe. Li-valve tsa bolo le li-valve tsa serurubele tse lutseng ka kotara li tumme haholo, leha meralo e meng e otlolohileng e ntse e sebelisoa.

QETELLO
Leha bopaki ba ditshebediso tsa di-valve tse boletsweng sehloohong sena bo ka nna ba se ke ba bonahala nakong ya leeto la ho ya Starbucks kapa ha nkgono, di-valve tse ding tsa bohlokwa haholo di dula di le haufi. Ho bile ho na le di-valve enjeneng ya koloi tse sebediswang ho fihla dibakeng tse kang tse ka hara carburetor tse laolang phallo ya peterole ka hara enjene le tse ka hara enjene tse laolang phallo ya peterole ka hara di-piston le ho tswa hape. Mme haeba di-valve tseo di sa atamelehe ho lekana maphelong a rona a letsatsi le letsatsi, nahana ka nnete ya hore dipelo tsa rona di otla kgafetsa ka disebediswa tse nne tsa bohlokwa tsa taolo ya phallo.

Ena ke mohlala o mong feela oa 'nete ea hore: li-valve li hohle.
Karolo ea II ea sengoloa sena e akaretsa liindasteri tse ling moo ho sebelisoang li-valve. Eya ho www.valvemagazine.com ho bala ka pulp & pampiri, lits'ebetso tsa likepe, matamo le motlakase oa metsi, letsatsi, tšepe le tšepe, lifofane, geothermal, le ho etsa biri le ho qhibilihisa ka matsoho.

GREG JOHNSON ke mopresidente oa United Valve (www.unitedvalve.com) Houston. Ke mohlophisi ea kenyang letsoho ho VALVE Magazine, eo e kileng ea e-ba modulasetulo oa Lekhotla la Tokiso ea Li-valve le setho sa boto ea hona joale ea VRC. Hape o sebeletsa Komiting ea Thuto le Koetliso ea VMA, ke motlatsi oa modulasetulo oa Komiti ea Khokahano ea VMA 'me e kile ea e-ba mopresidente oa Mokhatlo oa Litekanyetso tsa Bahlahisi.